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\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n 1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647 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\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 “\u063a\u0635\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646” \u0648”\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645”)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n 3. \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n 4. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n 5. \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n [1]<\/a> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 “\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631<\/a>” \u0644\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a 11 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2021\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 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(\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/extremism-watch_which-syrian-groups-are-involved-turkeys-syria-offensive\/6177353.html<\/a>).<\/p>\n [3]<\/a> \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629\u00a0\u0646\u0648\u0631\u062b \u0628\u0631\u0633<\/a>\u060c 20 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023. (\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: https:\/\/hevdesti.org\/ar\/complaint-to-un-regarding-arbitrary-detention-and-torture-in-northern-syria-ar\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n [4]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 (UNHCR): \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10,000 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 25 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2019 (\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: https:\/\/news.un.org\/ar\/story\/2019\/10\/1042501<\/a>).<\/p>\n [5]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c A\/HRC\/34\/57\u060c 28 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 45.<\/p>\n [6]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c “\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627<\/a>“\u060c 18 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2019 (\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/press-release\/2019\/10\/syria-damning-evidence-of-war-crimes-and-other-violations-by-turkish-forces-and-their-allies\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n [7]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c A\/HRC\/45\/31\u060c 14 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 54.<\/p>\n [8]<\/a> \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0648”): \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u062d.<\/p>\n [9]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0Official Records of the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law applicable in Armed Conflicts, Vol. 8, CDDH\/I\/SR.22, Geneva, 1974\u201377, p. 201.<\/p>\n [10]<\/a> Sivakumaran, The Law of Non-International Armed Conflict, (Oxford University Press, 2012), p 530.<\/p>\n [11]<\/a> Committee Against Torture, 20th Sess., GRB. v Sweden, Communication No. 83\/ 1997, UN. Doc. CAT\/C\/20\/D\/83\/1997 (19 June 1998); Sheekh v Netherlands, App. No. 1948\/04, HUDOC at 45 (11 January 2007); UN Secretary-General, Report of the Secretary-General\u2019s Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri Lanka, 243 (31 March 2011), p 188; Darragh Murray, Human Rights Obligations of Non-state Armed Groups (Hart Publishing, 2016).<\/p>\n [12]<\/a> OHCHR, \u2018International Legal Protection of Human Rights in Armed Conflict\u2019, Geneva and New-York (2011), pp 23-27 (Available at: https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Publications\/HR_in_armed_conflict.pdf<\/a>).<\/p>\n [13]<\/a> OHCHR, Joint Statement by independent United Nations human rights experts on human rights responsibilities of armed non-State actors, 25 February 2021 (Available at: https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/press-releases\/2021\/02\/joint-statement-independent-united-nations-human-rights-experts-human-rights?LangID=E&NewsID=26797<\/a>).<\/p>\n [14]<\/a> Rule 90 of International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) study on Customary International Humanitarian Law.<\/p>\n [15]<\/a> ICTY, Kunarac Trial Judgment, 2001, para. 496, confirmed in Appeal Judgment, 2002, para. 148. See also Simi\u0107 Trial Judgment, 2003, para. 82; Br\u0111anin Trial Judgment, 2004, para. 488; Kvo\u010dka Appeal Judgment, 2005, para. 284; Limaj Trial Judgment, 2005, para. 240; Mrk\u0161i\u0107 Trial Judgment, 2007, para. 514; Haradinaj Retrial Judgment, 2012, para. 419; and Stani\u0161i\u0107 and \u017dupljaninTrial Judgment, 2013, para. 49.<\/p>\n [16]<\/a> ICRC 2020 Commentary on Common Article 3, para 596.<\/p>\n [17]<\/a> Rule 99 of the ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law.<\/p>\n\n
\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
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